Mystery
You might think that a device the size of a matchbox couldn't contain too many secrets. All the same, the design of the most crucial part of Antoni van Leeuwenhoek's (1632 –1723) microscope remained a mystery for 350 years. Between two small brass or silver plates and behind a tiny hole measuring just half a millimetre, there was a small lens which allowed Van Leeuwenhoek to magnify specimens over 250 times. This method made him the first person to examine and describe all kinds of microbes and cells. As a result, Van Leeuwenhoek is also known as the father of microbiology .
Blowing or grinding?
Given the quality of his images, it was considered virtually impossible for Van Leeuwenhoek to have ground his lenses by hand. He was careful to keep his design a secret. In a rare moment of frankness in 1711, he mentioned an advanced glass-blowing technique. However, the truth was not known until recently. The reason is that it was impossible to examine the microscopes, as only 11 of the 400 originals remain. They are simply too rare and too precious.
From 2D to 3D
Using a new and non-invasive imaging method known as neutron tomography, researchers at the Reactor Institute Delft managed to make the lens visible within the microscope. This technique involves taking photos of the inside of a rotating object. Combining the photos produces a 3D image. This image demonstrated that Van Leeuwenhoek did not use any exotic production methods or advanced glass-blowing techniques. It simply showed that he was an exceptionally talented lens grinder: he made the lenses by hand.
Would you like to find out more about Antoni van Leeuwenhoek and his exceptional talent? Visit Micropia!
Source: TU Delft & Rijksmuseum Boerhaave
